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Extensible Markup Language  |  2009-04-28  |  58.2 KB  |  812 lines
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" [
  3. <!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../libs/global.ent">
  4. <!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
  5. <!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
  6. <!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
  7. <!ENTITY sg-title "Server Guide">
  8. <!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Jaunty Jackalope">
  9. <!ENTITY distro-rev "9.04">
  10. <!ENTITY distro-release-date "April 2009">
  11. <!ENTITY distro-short-codename "jaunty">
  12. <!ENTITY distro-apt-cd-name "Ubuntu 9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope">
  13. <!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.27">
  14. <!ENTITY gcc-version "4.3.1">
  15. <!ENTITY glibc-version "2.8">
  16. <!ENTITY python-version "2.5">
  17. <!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml">
  18. <!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../libs/C/legalnotice.xml">
  19. <!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
  20. <!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
  21. <!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'>
  22. <!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/">
  23. <!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
  24. <!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
  25. <!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
  26. <!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com">
  27. <!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode">
  28. <!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com">
  29. <!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu">
  30. <!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu">
  31. <!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu">
  32. <!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu">
  33. <!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
  34. <!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
  35. <!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
  36. <!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
  37. <!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
  38. <!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
  39. <!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
  40. <!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
  41. <!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
  42. <!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
  43. <!ENTITY ubuntu-support "http://www.ubuntu.com/support">
  44. <!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid">
  45. <!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/free">
  46. <!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
  47. <!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
  48. <!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
  49. <!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
  50. <!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
  51. <!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
  52. <!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
  53. <!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
  54. <!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
  55. <!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
  56. <!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
  57. <!ENTITY ubuntu-marketplace "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/marketplace">
  58. <!ENTITY ubuntu-hwdb "http://hwdb.ubuntu.com">
  59. <!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
  60. <!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
  61. <!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
  62. <!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/XChatHowto">
  63. <!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">
  64. <!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToGetHelp">
  65. <!ENTITY transcode "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDRippingandEncoding">
  66. <!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine">
  67. <!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Cedega">
  68. <!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">
  69. <!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
  70. <!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicCommands">
  71. <!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions">
  72. <!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
  73. <!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
  74. <!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
  75. <!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/edgy/">
  76. <!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-edgy/ship">
  77. <!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
  78. <!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
  79. <!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
  80. <!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
  81. <!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://kubuntuforums.net">
  82. <!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "https://wiki.kubuntu.org">
  83. <!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
  84. <!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
  85. <!ENTITY kubuntu-support "http://www.kubuntu.org/support.php">
  86. <!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-web "http://www.xubuntu.org">
  87. <!ENTITY xubuntu-main "http://www.xubuntu.org">
  88. <!ENTITY xubuntu-web-help "http://www.xubuntu.org/help">
  89. <!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
  90. <!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
  91. <!ENTITY gnome "http://www.gnome.org/">
  92. <!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
  93. <!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
  94. <!ENTITY kde "http://www.kde.org/">
  95. <!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
  96. <!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
  97. <!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
  98. <!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
  99. <!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
  100. <!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
  101. <!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
  102. <!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
  103. <!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
  104. <!ENTITY xfce "http://www.xfce.org/">
  105. <!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/">
  106. <!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
  107. <!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
  108. <!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
  109. <!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
  110. <!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
  111. <!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
  112. <!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
  113. <!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
  114. <!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
  115. <!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
  116. <!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
  117. <!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
  118. <!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
  119. <!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
  120. <!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
  121. <!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
  122. <!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
  123. <!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
  124. <!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
  125. <!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
  126. <!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
  127. <!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
  128. <!ENTITY Amharic "af">
  129. <!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
  130. <!ENTITY Assamese "as">
  131. <!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
  132. <!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
  133. <!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
  134. <!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
  135. <!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
  136. <!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
  137. <!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
  138. <!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
  139. <!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
  140. <!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
  141. <!ENTITY Breton "br">
  142. <!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
  143. <!ENTITY Corsican "co">
  144. <!ENTITY Czech "cs">
  145. <!ENTITY Welsh "cy">
  146. <!ENTITY Danish "da">
  147. <!ENTITY German "de">
  148. <!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
  149. <!ENTITY Greek "el">
  150. <!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
  151. <!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
  152. <!ENTITY Spanish "es">
  153. <!ENTITY Estonian "et">
  154. <!ENTITY Basque "eu">
  155. <!ENTITY Persian "fa">
  156. <!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
  157. <!ENTITY Fiji "fj">
  158. <!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
  159. <!ENTITY French "fr">
  160. <!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
  161. <!ENTITY Irish "ga">
  162. <!ENTITY Gaelic "gd">
  163. <!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
  164. <!ENTITY Galician "gl">
  165. <!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
  166. <!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
  167. <!ENTITY Hausa "ha">
  168. <!ENTITY Hindi "hi">
  169. <!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
  170. <!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
  171. <!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
  172. <!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
  173. <!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
  174. <!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
  175. <!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
  176. <!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
  177. <!ENTITY Italian "it">
  178. <!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
  179. <!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
  180. <!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
  181. <!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
  182. <!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
  183. <!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
  184. <!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
  185. <!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
  186. <!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
  187. <!ENTITY Korean "ko">
  188. <!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
  189. <!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
  190. <!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
  191. <!ENTITY Latin "la">
  192. <!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
  193. <!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
  194. <!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
  195. <!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
  196. <!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
  197. <!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
  198. <!ENTITY Maori "mi">
  199. <!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
  200. <!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
  201. <!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
  202. <!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
  203. <!ENTITY Marathi "mr">
  204. <!ENTITY Malay "ms">
  205. <!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
  206. <!ENTITY Burmese "my">
  207. <!ENTITY Nauru "na">
  208. <!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
  209. <!ENTITY Dutch "nl">
  210. <!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
  211. <!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
  212. <!ENTITY Afan "om">
  213. <!ENTITY Oromo "om">
  214. <!ENTITY Oriya "or">
  215. <!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
  216. <!ENTITY Polish "pl">
  217. <!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
  218. <!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
  219. <!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
  220. <!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
  221. <!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
  222. <!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
  223. <!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
  224. <!ENTITY Russian "ru">
  225. <!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
  226. <!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
  227. <!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
  228. <!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
  229. <!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
  230. <!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
  231. <!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
  232. <!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
  233. <!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
  234. <!ENTITY Shona "sn">
  235. <!ENTITY Somali "so">
  236. <!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
  237. <!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
  238. <!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
  239. <!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
  240. <!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
  241. <!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
  242. <!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
  243. <!ENTITY Tamil "ta">
  244. <!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
  245. <!ENTITY Tajik "tg">
  246. <!ENTITY Thai "th">
  247. <!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
  248. <!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
  249. <!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
  250. <!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
  251. <!ENTITY Tonga "to">
  252. <!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
  253. <!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
  254. <!ENTITY Tatar "tt">
  255. <!ENTITY Twi "tw">
  256. <!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
  257. <!ENTITY Urdu "ur">
  258. <!ENTITY Uzbek "uz">
  259. <!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
  260. <!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
  261. <!ENTITY Wolof "wo">
  262. <!ENTITY Xhosa "xh">
  263. <!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
  264. <!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
  265. <!ENTITY Zulu "zu">
  266. <!ENTITY % gnome-menus-C SYSTEM "../../libs/gnome-menus-C.ent">
  267. <!-- MENUS --><!-- Please keep entries alphabetical, it makes them much easier to find & use --><!ENTITY about-me "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>About-me</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  268. <!ENTITY accessories "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  269. <!ENTITY acro-read "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Acrobat Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  270. <!ENTITY administration "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  271. <!ENTITY aisleriot "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>AisleRiot Solitaire</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  272. <!ENTITY amule "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  273. <!ENTITY anjuta-ide "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Anjuta IDE</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  274. <!ENTITY archive-man "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Archive Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  275. <!ENTITY assistive-technology-preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Assistive Technology Support</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  276. <!ENTITY audacity "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  277. <!ENTITY azureus "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Azureus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  278. <!ENTITY baobab "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disk Usage Analyzer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  279. <!ENTITY bittorrent "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Bittorrent</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  280. <!ENTITY blender3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Blender 3d modeller</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  281. <!ENTITY bluefish "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Bluefish Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  282. <!ENTITY boot "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Boot</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  283. <!ENTITY brasero "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Brasero Disc Burning</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  284. <!ENTITY bum "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Boot-up Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  285. <!ENTITY bzrgtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Olive bazaar Branch Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  286. <!ENTITY calculator "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Calculator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  287. <!ENTITY character-map "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Character Map</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  288. <!ENTITY compizconfig "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>CompizConfig Settings Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  289. <!ENTITY computer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Computer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  290. <!ENTITY connecttoserver "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Connect to Server...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  291. <!ENTITY cowbell "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Cowbell Music Organizer</guimenuitem>    </menuchoice>">
  292. <!ENTITY chromium "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Chromium</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  293. <!ENTITY computer-janitor "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>System Janitor</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  294. <!ENTITY desktop-background "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Desktop Background</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  295. <!ENTITY desktop-effects "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Appearance</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Visual Effects</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  296. <!ENTITY desktop-preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  297. <!ENTITY devhelp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Devhelp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  298. <!ENTITY device-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Hardware Information</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  299. <!ENTITY dictionary "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Dictionary</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  300. <!ENTITY disks "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disks</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  301. <!ENTITY downloader-x "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Downloader for X</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  302. <!ENTITY eclipse-ide "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Eclipse IDE</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  303. <!ENTITY ekiga "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Ekiga Softphone</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  304. <!ENTITY efax-gtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Efax-gtk</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  305. <!ENTITY etherape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Etherape</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  306. <!ENTITY evolution-mail "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Evolution Mail</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  307. <!ENTITY file-management "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>File Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  308. <!ENTITY firefox "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Firefox Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  309. <!ENTITY firestarter-firewall-tool "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Firestarter</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  310. <!ENTITY five-or-more "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Five or More</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  311. <!ENTITY font "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Font</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  312. <!ENTITY f-spot "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>F-Spot Photo Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  313. <!ENTITY frozen-bubble "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Frozen Bubble</guisubmenu></menuchoice> to play <application>Frozen Bubble</application>">
  314. <!ENTITY gambas "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Gambas</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  315. <!ENTITY games "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  316. <!ENTITY gdesklets "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>gDesklets</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  317. <!ENTITY gftp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gFTP</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  318. <!ENTITY gimp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>GIMP Image Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  319. <!ENTITY gnome-app-install "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Add/Remove...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  320. <!ENTITY gnome-config-editor "<screen><command>gconf-editor</command></screen>">
  321. <!ENTITY gnome-sound-recorder "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sound Recorder</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  322. <!ENTITY gparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration </guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Gnome Partition Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  323. <!ENTITY graphics "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  324. <!ENTITY gthumb "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gThumb Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  325. <!ENTITY gtkpod "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>gtkpod</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  326. <!ENTITY gnucash "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>GnuCash Finance Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  327. <!ENTITY gxine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gxine</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  328. <!ENTITY home-folder "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Home Folder</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  329. <!ENTITY homebank "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>HomeBank</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  330. <!ENTITY hubackup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Backup</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  331. <!ENTITY hurestore "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Restore</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  332. <!ENTITY inkscape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Inkscape SVG Vector Illustrator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  333. <!ENTITY internet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  334. <!ENTITY kdevelop "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  335. <!ENTITY keyboard "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  336. <!ENTITY keyboard-shortcuts "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard Shortcuts</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  337. <!ENTITY language-support "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Language Support</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  338. <!ENTITY liferea "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Liferea Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  339. <!ENTITY limewire "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>LimeWire</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  340. <!ENTITY lockscreen "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Lock Screen</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  341. <!ENTITY login-screen-setup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Login Window</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  342. <!ENTITY mahjongg "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mahjongg</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  343. <!ENTITY menu-editor "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Applications Menu Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  344. <!ENTITY menus-and-toolbars "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Menus & Toolbars</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  345. <!ENTITY monodevelop "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  346. <!ENTITY monodoc "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  347. <!ENTITY mouse "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mouse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  348. <!ENTITY mtink "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>mtink</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  349. <!ENTITY music "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Music</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  350. <!ENTITY multimedia-systems-selector "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Multimedia Systems Selector</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  351. <!ENTITY ndisgtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Windows Wireless Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  352. <!ENTITY network-proxy "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Proxy</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  353. <!ENTITY network-tools "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Tools</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  354. <!ENTITY networking "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  355. <!ENTITY network-servers "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  356. <!ENTITY neverball "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverball</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  357. <!ENTITY neverputt "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverputt</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  358. <!ENTITY nexuiz "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Nexuiz</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  359. <!ENTITY open-office "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  360. <!ENTITY openoffice-base "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Database</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  361. <!ENTITY openoffice-draw "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Draw</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  362. <!ENTITY openoffice-presentation "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Presentation</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  363. <!ENTITY openoffice-spreadsheet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Spreadsheet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  364. <!ENTITY openoffice-writer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Word Processor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  365. <!ENTITY palmos-devices "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PalmOS Devices</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  366. <!ENTITY pan "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pan Newsreader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  367. <!ENTITY photoprint "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PhotoPrint</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  368. <!ENTITY pidgin "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pidgin Internet Messenger</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  369. <!ENTITY power-management "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Power Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  370. <!ENTITY ppracer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Planet Penguin Racer</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  371. <!ENTITY preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  372. <!ENTITY preferred-applications "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Preferred Applications</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  373. <!ENTITY print "<menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Print</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  374. <!ENTITY printing "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Printing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  375. <!ENTITY qtparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>QTParted</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  376. <!ENTITY remote-desktop "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Remote Desktop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  377. <!ENTITY removable-drives-and-media "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Removable Drives and Media</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  378. <!ENTITY realplayer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>RealPlayer 11</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  379. <!ENTITY restricted-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Hardware Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  380. <!ENTITY rhythmbox "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Rhythmbox Music Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  381. <!ENTITY route-planner "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  382. <!ENTITY scorched3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Scorched 3D</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  383. <!ENTITY screen-resolution "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screen Resolution</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  384. <!ENTITY screensaver "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screensaver</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  385. <!ENTITY scribus "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  386. <!ENTITY serpentine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Serpentine Audio CD Creator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  387. <!ENTITY services "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Services</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  388. <!ENTITY sessions "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sessions</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  389. <!ENTITY shared-folders "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Shared Folders</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  390. <!ENTITY skype "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Skype</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  391. <!ENTITY software-properties "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  392. <!ENTITY software-sources "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  393. <!ENTITY sound "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sound</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  394. <!ENTITY soundandvideo "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  395. <!ENTITY soundjuicer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Audio CD Extractor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  396. <!ENTITY supertux "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>SuperTux</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  397. <!ENTITY shutdown "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Shut Down...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  398. <!ENTITY synaptic "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  399. <!ENTITY system-monitor "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>System Monitor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  400. <!ENTITY systemtools "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  401. <!ENTITY terminal "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  402. <!ENTITY text-editor "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Text Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  403. <!ENTITY theme "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Theme</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  404. <!ENTITY thunderbird "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mozilla Thunderbird Mail/News</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  405. <!ENTITY time-date "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Time and Date</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  406. <!ENTITY totem "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Movie Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  407. <!ENTITY touchpad "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Touchpad</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  408. <!ENTITY tremulous "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Tremulous</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  409. <!ENTITY ubuntu-update-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Ubuntu Update Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  410. <!ENTITY update-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Update Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  411. <!ENTITY users "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  412. <!ENTITY users-groups "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  413. <!ENTITY windows "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Windows</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  414. <!ENTITY wireshark "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Wireshark</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  415. <!ENTITY xchat-gnome "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Xchat-GNOME IRC Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  416. <!ENTITY xine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>xine</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  417. <!ENTITY xmms "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>XMMS</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  418. <!ENTITY xsane "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>XSane Image Scanner</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  419. <!ENTITY language "en">
  420. ]>
  421. <article lang="he">
  422.   <articleinfo>
  423.     <title>Using the Command Line</title>
  424.     
  425.     <legalnotice id="legal">
  426.         <title>◊™◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊ï◊®◊ô◊©◊ô◊ï◊ü</title>
  427.         <para>◊û◊°◊û◊ö ◊ñ◊î ◊û◊™◊ï◊ó◊ñ◊® ◊¢◊ú ◊ô◊ì◊ô ◊¶◊ï◊ï◊™ ◊î◊™◊ô◊¢◊ï◊ì ◊©◊ú ◊ê◊ï◊ë◊ï◊†◊ò◊ï (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). ◊ú◊®◊©◊ô◊û◊™ ◊î◊™◊ï◊®◊û◊ô◊ù, ◊¢◊ô◊ô◊†◊ï ◊ë<ulink url="../../libs/C/contributors.xml">◊¢◊û◊ï◊ì ◊î◊™◊ï◊®◊û◊ô◊ù</ulink></para>
  428.         <para>◊û◊°◊û◊ö ◊ñ◊î ◊ñ◊û◊ô◊ü ◊™◊ó◊™ ◊®◊ô◊©◊ô◊ï◊ü ◊ô◊ô◊ó◊ï◊°-◊©◊ô◊™◊ï◊£ ◊ñ◊î◊î 2.5 (CC-BY-SA).</para>
  429.         <para>◊ê◊™◊î ◊ó◊ï◊§◊©◊ô ◊ú◊©◊†◊ï◊™, ◊ú◊î◊®◊ó◊ô◊ë ◊ï◊ú◊©◊§◊® ◊ê◊™ ◊ß◊ï◊ì ◊î◊û◊ß◊ï◊® ◊©◊ú ◊™◊ô◊¢◊ï◊ì ◊ê◊ï◊ë◊ï◊†◊ò◊ï ◊™◊ó◊™ ◊™◊†◊ê◊ô ◊®◊ô◊©◊ô◊ï◊ü ◊ñ◊î. ◊õ◊ú ◊î◊¢◊ë◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊î◊†◊í◊ñ◊®◊ï◊™ ◊ó◊ô◊ô◊ë◊ï◊™ ◊ú◊î◊ô◊ï◊™ ◊û◊ï◊§◊¶◊ï◊™ ◊™◊ó◊™ ◊®◊ô◊©◊ô◊ï◊ü ◊ñ◊î.</para>
  430.         <para>◊™◊ô◊¢◊ï◊ì ◊ñ◊î ◊û◊ï◊§◊•  ◊û◊™◊ï◊ö ◊™◊ß◊ï◊ï◊î ◊©◊ô◊î◊ô◊î ◊û◊ï◊¢◊ô◊ú, ◊ê◊ö ◊ú◊ú◊ê ◊©◊ï◊ù ◊ê◊ó◊®◊ô◊ï◊™; ◊ê◊§◊ô◊ú◊ï ◊ú◊ú◊ê ◊î◊ê◊ó◊®◊ô◊ï◊™ ◊î◊û◊©◊™◊û◊¢◊™ ◊ê◊ï ◊î◊†◊®◊û◊ñ◊™ ◊©◊ú "◊°◊ó◊®" ◊ê◊ï ◊©◊ú "◊î◊™◊ê◊û◊î ◊ú◊û◊ò◊®◊î ◊°◊§◊¶◊ô◊§◊ô◊™" ◊õ◊û◊™◊ï◊ê◊® ◊ë◊î◊¶◊î◊®◊î.</para>
  431.         <para>◊¢◊ï◊™◊ß ◊©◊ú ◊®◊©◊ô◊ï◊ü ◊ñ◊î ◊ñ◊û◊ô◊ü ◊õ◊ê◊ü: <ulink url="/usr/share/ubuntu-docs/libs/C/ccbysa.xml">◊®◊©◊ô◊ï◊ü ◊ô◊ó◊° ◊©◊ô◊™◊ï◊£ ◊ñ◊î◊îCreative Commons</ulink>.</para>
  432.     </legalnotice>
  433. <copyright>
  434.     <year>2008</year>
  435.     <holder>Canonical Ltd. and members of the <ulink url="https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc">◊§◊®◊ï◊ô◊ß◊ò ◊î◊™◊ô◊¢◊ï◊ì ◊©◊ú ◊ê◊ï◊ë◊ï◊†◊ò◊ï</ulink></holder>
  436. </copyright>
  437. <publisher>
  438.     <publishername>◊§◊®◊ï◊ô◊ß◊ò ◊î◊™◊ô◊¢◊ï◊ì ◊©◊ú ◊ê◊ï◊ë◊ï◊†◊ò◊ï</publishername>
  439. </publisher>
  440.  
  441.   </articleinfo>
  442.   <sect1 id="using-this-guide" status="review">
  443.     <title>◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊© ◊ë◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊ö ◊ñ◊î</title>
  444.     <para>
  445.       <emphasis>"◊ë◊ú◊ô◊†◊ï◊ß◊° ◊ß◊ô◊ô◊û◊ô◊ù ◊û◊û◊©◊ß◊ô ◊û◊©◊™◊û◊© ◊í◊®◊§◊ô◊ô◊ù ◊ê◊©◊® ◊ë◊ê◊û◊¶◊¢◊ï◊™◊ù ◊†◊ô◊™◊ü ◊ú◊î◊¶◊ë◊ô◊¢, ◊ú◊ú◊ó◊ï◊• ◊ï◊ú◊í◊®◊ï◊® ◊§◊®◊ô◊ò◊ô◊ù, ◊ï◊ë◊©◊ê◊ô◊§◊î ◊ú◊î◊¶◊ú◊ô◊ó ◊ú◊ë◊¶◊¢ ◊¢◊ë◊ï◊ì◊î ◊û◊ë◊ú◊ô ◊ú◊ß◊®◊ï◊ê ◊™◊ô◊¢◊ï◊ì ◊®◊ë. ◊û◊û◊©◊ß◊ô ◊î◊û◊©◊™◊û◊© ◊î◊û◊°◊ï◊®◊™◊ô ◊î◊ô◊ê ◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î, ◊ë◊î ◊†◊ô◊™◊ü ◊ú◊î◊ß◊ú◊ô◊ì ◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊ï◊ë◊õ◊ö ◊ú◊ï◊û◊® ◊ú◊û◊ó◊©◊ë ◊û◊î ◊ú◊ë◊¶◊¢. ◊ì◊®◊ö ◊ñ◊ï ◊û◊î◊ô◊®◊î ◊ï◊¢◊ï◊¶◊û◊™◊ô◊™ ◊ô◊ï◊™◊®, ◊ê◊ö ◊ì◊ï◊®◊©◊™ ◊ú◊ó◊§◊© ◊ï◊ú◊û◊¶◊ï◊ê ◊û◊î◊ü ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™." -- ◊û<emphasis role="strong">◊î◊ß◊ì◊û◊™ man(1)</emphasis></emphasis>
  446.     </para>
  447.     <para>◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊ö ◊ñ◊î ◊ô◊õ◊ô◊® ◊ú◊ö ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊î◊ë◊°◊ô◊°◊ô◊ï◊™ ◊ë◊û◊°◊ï◊£ ◊í◊†◊ï/◊ú◊ô◊†◊ï◊ß◊°. ◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊ö ◊ñ◊î ◊ê◊ô◊†◊ï ◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊ö ◊©◊ú◊ù ◊ú◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î, ◊î◊ï◊ê ◊®◊ß ◊î◊©◊ú◊û◊î ◊ú◊õ◊ú◊ô◊ù ◊î◊í◊®◊§◊ô◊ô◊ù ◊ë◊ê◊ï◊ë◊ï◊†◊ò◊ï.</para>
  448.     <para>
  449.       <itemizedlist>
  450.     <listitem>
  451.       <para>◊õ◊ú ◊©◊û◊ï◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™, ◊î◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô◊ù ◊ê◊ï ◊î◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ï◊™ ◊ô◊ï◊¶◊í◊ï ◊ë◊ê◊û◊¶◊¢◊ï◊™ <command>◊í◊ï◊§◊ü monospace</command></para>
  452.     </listitem>
  453.     <listitem>
  454.       <para>◊õ◊ú ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊ë◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊ö ◊ñ◊î ◊¶◊®◊ô◊õ◊ï◊™ ◊ú◊î◊™◊ë◊¶◊¢ ◊û◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊ë<application>◊û◊°◊ï◊£</application> ◊ï◊ô◊ï◊¶◊í◊ï ◊õ<screen>◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊ú◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì◊î</screen></para>
  455.     </listitem>
  456.     <listitem>
  457.       <para>
  458.         <emphasis role="strong">Note that Linux is case
  459.           sensitive.</emphasis> User, user, and USER are all different
  460.         to Linux.
  461.       </para>
  462.     </listitem>
  463.       </itemizedlist>
  464.     </para>
  465.   </sect1>
  466.  
  467.   <sect1 id="starting-terminal" status="review">
  468.     <title>◊û◊§◊¢◊ô◊ú ◊û◊°◊ï◊£</title>
  469.     <para>◊ú◊§◊™◊ô◊ó◊™ ◊î<application>◊û◊°◊ï◊£</application> ◊§◊¢◊ú ◊õ◊ö:</para>
  470.     <para>
  471.       <itemizedlist>
  472.     <listitem>
  473.       <para>◊ë◊ó◊® <menuchoice><guimenu>◊ô◊ô◊©◊ï◊û◊ô◊ù</guimenu><guimenuitem>◊¢◊ñ◊®◊ô◊ù</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>◊û◊°◊ï◊£</guimenuitem></menuchoice>;</para>
  474.     </listitem>
  475.     <listitem>
  476.       <para>◊ê◊ï ◊ú◊ó◊• <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo> ◊ï◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì <command>gnome-terminal</command>.</para>
  477.     </listitem>
  478.       </itemizedlist>
  479.     </para>
  480.    </sect1>
  481.   
  482.   <sect1 id="files-directories-commands" status="review">
  483.     <title>◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô◊ù ◊ï◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ï◊™</title>
  484.  
  485.     <sect2 id="cd" status="review">
  486.       <title>◊™◊ß◊ú◊ô◊ò◊ï◊®</title>
  487.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>cd</command> ◊û◊©◊†◊î ◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ï◊™. ◊õ◊ê◊©◊® ◊™◊§◊™◊ó ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊û◊°◊ï◊£ ◊™◊ô◊û◊¶◊ê ◊ë◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊™ ◊î◊ë◊ô◊™ ◊©◊ú◊ö. ◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊†◊ï◊¢ ◊ë◊ô◊ü ◊î◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ï◊™ ◊î◊©◊™◊û◊© ◊ë◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>cd</command>.</para>
  488.     <itemizedlist>
  489.       <listitem>
  490.         <para>◊¢◊ú ◊û◊†◊™ ◊ú◊†◊ï◊ï◊ò ◊ú◊™◊ß◊ô◊ô◊™ ◊î◊û◊†◊î◊ú ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì: <screen>cd /</screen></para>
  491.       </listitem>
  492.  
  493.       <listitem>
  494.         <para>◊¢◊ú ◊û◊†◊™ ◊ú◊†◊ï◊ï◊ò ◊ú◊™◊ß◊ô◊ô◊™ ◊î◊ë◊ô◊™ ◊©◊ú◊ö, ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì: <screen>cd</screen> ◊ê◊ï <screen>cd ~</screen></para>
  495.         <note>
  496.                 <para>◊î◊°◊ô◊û◊ü <command>~</command> ◊û◊°◊û◊ü ◊ê◊™ ◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊™ ◊î◊ë◊ô◊™ ◊î◊†◊ï◊õ◊ó◊ô◊™ ◊©◊ú ◊î◊û◊©◊™◊û◊©. ◊õ◊§◊ô ◊©◊û◊ï◊ñ◊õ◊® ◊ú◊û◊¢◊ú◊î, ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>cd ~</command> ◊©◊ß◊ï◊ú◊î ◊ú- <command>cd /home/username/</command>. ◊¢◊ù ◊ñ◊ê◊™, ◊õ◊ê◊©◊® ◊û◊®◊ô◊¶◊ô◊ù ◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊õ◊û◊©◊™◊û◊© ◊¢◊ú (◊ú◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊î ◊ë◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊© ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î using <command>sudo</command>), ◊ê◊ñ <command>~</command> ◊™◊¶◊ë◊ô◊¢ ◊ú- <filename class="directory">/root</filename>. ◊õ◊ê◊©◊® ◊û◊®◊ô◊¶◊ô◊ù ◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊¢◊ù <command>sudo</command>, ◊ó◊ï◊ë◊î ◊ú◊™◊™ ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊†◊™◊ô◊ë ◊ú◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊™ ◊î◊ë◊ô◊™ ◊©◊ú◊ö.</para>
  497.       </note>
  498.       </listitem>
  499.  
  500.       <listitem>
  501.         <para>◊¢◊ú ◊û◊†◊™ ◊ú◊†◊ï◊ï◊ò ◊™◊ß◊ô◊ô◊î ◊ê◊ó◊™ ◊ú◊û◊¢◊ú◊î, ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì: <screen>cd ..</screen></para>
  502.       </listitem>
  503.  
  504.       <listitem>
  505.         <para>◊¢◊ú ◊û◊†◊™ ◊ú◊†◊ï◊ï◊ò ◊ú◊™◊ß◊ô◊ô◊î ◊î◊ß◊ï◊ì◊û◊™ ◊©◊†◊û◊¶◊ê◊™ ◊ë◊î, ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì: <screen>cd -</screen></para>
  506.       </listitem>
  507.  
  508.       <listitem>
  509.         <para>◊ë◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊†◊ï◊ï◊ò ◊ô◊©◊ô◊®◊ï◊™ ◊ú◊®◊û◊ï◊™ ◊©◊ï◊†◊ï◊™ ◊©◊ú ◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ï◊™, ◊ô◊© ◊ú◊¶◊ô◊ô◊ü ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊†◊™◊ô◊ë ◊î◊û◊ú◊ê ◊©◊ë◊®◊¶◊ï◊†◊ö ◊ú◊î◊í◊ô◊¢ ◊ê◊ú◊ô◊ï. ◊ú◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊ê◊™ ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì:: <screen>cd /var/www</screen> ◊¢◊ú ◊û◊†◊™ ◊ú◊î◊í◊ô◊¢ ◊ô◊©◊ô◊®◊ï◊™ ◊ú◊™◊™-◊î◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊î <filename class="directory">/www</filename> ◊©◊ú ◊î◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊î <filename class="directory">/var/</filename>. ◊õ◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊ê ◊†◊ï◊°◊§◊™, ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì: <screen>cd ~/Desktop</screen> ◊ë◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊ß◊§◊ï◊• ◊ú◊™◊™-◊î◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊î <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename> ◊î◊†◊û◊¶◊ê◊™ ◊ë◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊™ ◊î◊ë◊ô◊™ ◊©◊ú◊ö.</para>
  510.       </listitem>
  511.     </itemizedlist>
  512.     </sect2>
  513.  
  514.     <sect2 id="pwd" status="review">
  515.       <title>pwd</title>
  516.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>pwd</command> ◊û◊ó◊ñ◊ô◊®◊î ◊ê◊™ ◊û◊ô◊ß◊ï◊ù ◊î◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊î ◊î◊†◊ï◊õ◊ó◊ô◊™ (<acronym>pwd</acronym> ◊û◊©◊û◊¢◊ï◊™◊ï <quote>print working directory</quote>). ◊ú◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊ê, ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î<screen>pwd</screen> ◊ë◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊î <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename>, ◊ô◊ì◊§◊ô◊° <computeroutput>/home/username/Desktop</computeroutput>. <note>
  517.       <para><application>GNOME Terminal</application> ◊û◊®◊ê◊î ◊û◊ô◊ì◊¢ ◊ñ◊î ◊í◊ù ◊ë◊õ◊ï◊™◊®◊™ ◊î◊ó◊ú◊ï◊ü.</para>
  518.     </note></para>
  519.     </sect2>
  520.     
  521.     <sect2 id="ls" status="review">
  522.       <title>ls</title>
  523.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>ls</command> ◊û◊ì◊§◊ô◊°◊î ◊ê◊™ ◊®◊©◊ô◊û◊™ ◊î◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô◊ù ◊ï◊î◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ï◊™ ◊©◊ë◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊î ◊î◊†◊ï◊õ◊ó◊ô◊™. ◊ú◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊ê, ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <screen>ls ~</screen> ◊ô◊ì◊§◊ô◊° ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô◊ù ◊î◊†◊û◊¶◊ê◊ô◊ù ◊ë◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊™ ◊î◊ë◊ô◊™ ◊©◊ú◊ö.</para>
  524.       <para>◊î◊ï◊°◊§◊™ <command>-l</command> ◊ú◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>ls</command> ◊™◊ì◊§◊ô◊° ◊û◊ô◊ì◊¢ ◊†◊ï◊°◊£ ◊ê◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊î◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô◊ù ◊ú◊¶◊ì ◊©◊û◊ï◊™◊ù, ◊õ◊í◊ï◊ü ◊î◊î◊®◊©◊ê◊ï◊™ ◊î◊†◊ï◊õ◊ó◊ô◊ï◊™ ◊©◊ú ◊î◊ß◊ï◊ë◊•, ◊ï◊î◊ë◊¢◊ú◊ô◊ù ◊©◊ú ◊î◊ß◊ï◊ë◊•.</para> 
  525.     </sect2>
  526.  
  527.     <sect2 id="cp" status="review">
  528.       <title>cp</title>
  529.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>cp</command> ◊ô◊ï◊¶◊®◊™ ◊î◊î◊¢◊™◊ß ◊û◊ß◊ï◊ë◊•. ◊ú◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊ê, ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì◊™: <screen>cp foo bar</screen> ◊™◊ô◊¶◊ï◊® ◊î◊î◊¢◊™◊ß ◊û◊ì◊ï◊ô◊ô◊ß ◊©◊ú <filename>foo</filename> ◊ï◊™◊ß◊®◊ê ◊ê◊™ ◊©◊û◊ï <filename>bar</filename>. ◊î◊ß◊ï◊ë◊• <filename>foo</filename> ◊ô◊ô◊©◊ê◊® ◊ú◊ú◊ê ◊©◊ô◊†◊ï◊ô.</para>
  530.     </sect2>
  531.  
  532.     <sect2 id="mv" status="review">
  533.       <title>mv</title>
  534.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>mv</command> ◊û◊©◊û◊©◊™ ◊ú◊î◊ñ◊ñ◊™ ◊ß◊ï◊ë◊• ◊ú◊û◊ô◊ß◊ï◊ù ◊ê◊ó◊® ◊ê◊ï ◊ë◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊©◊†◊ï◊™ ◊©◊ù ◊©◊ú ◊ß◊ï◊ë◊•. ◊ú◊î◊ú◊ü ◊õ◊û◊î ◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊ê◊ï◊™: <screen>mv foo bar</screen> ◊ô◊©◊†◊î ◊ê◊™ ◊©◊ù ◊î◊ß◊ï◊ë◊• <filename>foo</filename> ◊ú<filename>bar</filename>. <screen>mv foo ~/Desktop</screen> ◊ô◊ñ◊ô◊ñ ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊ß◊ï◊ë◊• <filename>foo</filename> ◊ú◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊î <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename>, ◊ê◊ö ◊ú◊ê ◊ô◊©◊†◊î ◊ê◊™ ◊©◊û◊ï.</para>
  535.     </sect2>
  536.  
  537.     <sect2 id="rm" status="review">
  538.       <title>rm</title>
  539.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>rm</command> ◊û◊©◊û◊©◊™ ◊ú◊û◊ó◊ô◊ß◊™ ◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô◊ù. <screen>rm foo</screen> ◊û◊ï◊ó◊ß◊™ ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊ß◊ï◊ë◊• <filename>foo</filename> ◊û◊î◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊î ◊î◊†◊ï◊õ◊ó◊ô◊™.</para>
  540.       <para>◊õ◊ë◊®◊ô◊®◊™ ◊û◊ó◊ì◊ú, ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>rm</command> ◊ú◊ê ◊û◊ê◊§◊©◊®◊™ ◊ú◊û◊ó◊ï◊ß ◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ï◊™. ◊ë◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊û◊ó◊ï◊ß ◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ï◊™ ◊ô◊© ◊ú◊î◊©◊™◊û◊© ◊ë◊ê◊§◊©◊®◊ï◊™ <command>-R</command>. ◊ú◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊ê, <screen>rm -R foobar</screen> ◊ô◊û◊ó◊ß ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊î foobar, <emphasis role="strong">◊¢◊ù ◊õ◊ú ◊™◊õ◊ï◊ú◊™◊î!</emphasis></para>
  541.     </sect2>
  542.     
  543.     <sect2 id="mkdir" status="review">
  544.       <title>mkdir</title>
  545.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>mkdir</command> ◊û◊©◊û◊©◊™ ◊ú◊ô◊¶◊ô◊®◊™ ◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ï◊™. ◊ú◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊ê, ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì◊™: <screen>mkdir music</screen> ◊ô◊¶◊ï◊® ◊™◊™-◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊î ◊ë◊©◊ù <filename class="directory">music</filename> ◊ë◊™◊ô◊ß◊ô◊ô◊î ◊î◊†◊ï◊õ◊ó◊ô◊™.</para>
  546.     </sect2>
  547.   </sect1>
  548.   
  549.   <sect1 id="sys-info-commands" status="review">
  550.     <title>◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊û◊ô◊ì◊¢ ◊û◊¢◊®◊õ◊™</title>
  551.     
  552.     <sect2 id="df" status="review">
  553.       <title>df</title>
  554.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>df</command> ◊û◊¶◊ô◊í◊î ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊© ◊ë◊†◊§◊ó ◊î◊ì◊ô◊°◊ß ◊©◊†◊¢◊©◊î ◊¢◊ú ◊ô◊ì◊ô ◊û◊¢◊®◊õ◊™ ◊î◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô◊ù ◊ú◊õ◊ú ◊î◊û◊ó◊ô◊¶◊ï◊™. <screen>df -h</screen> ◊™◊ô◊™◊ü ◊ú◊ö ◊û◊ô◊ì◊¢ ◊ë◊ê◊û◊¶◊¢◊ï◊™ ◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊© ◊ë◊û◊í◊î-◊ë◊™◊ô◊ù (M) ◊ï◊í'◊ô◊í◊î-◊ë◊™◊ô◊ù (G) ◊ë◊û◊ß◊ï◊ù ◊ë◊ú◊ï◊ß◊ô◊ù (<emphasis role="strong">-h</emphasis> ◊õ◊û◊ï "human-readable" - ◊†◊ô◊™◊ü ◊ú◊ß◊®◊ô◊ê◊î ◊¢◊ú ◊ô◊ì◊ô ◊ê◊†◊©◊ô◊ù).</para>
  555.     </sect2>
  556.  
  557.     <sect2 id="free" status="review">
  558.       <title>free</title>
  559.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>free</command> ◊û◊¶◊ô◊í◊î ◊ê◊™ ◊õ◊û◊ï◊™ ◊î◊ñ◊ô◊õ◊®◊ï◊ü ◊î◊§◊†◊ï◊ô ◊ï◊î◊û◊©◊ï◊û◊© ◊ë◊û◊¢◊®◊õ◊™. <screen>free -m</screen> ◊ô◊™◊ü ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊û◊ô◊ì◊¢ ◊ë◊ê◊û◊¶◊¢◊ï◊™ ◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊© ◊ë◊û◊í◊î-◊ë◊™◊ô◊ù, ◊©◊õ◊õ◊ú ◊î◊†◊®◊ê◊î ◊ô◊ï◊™◊® ◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊©◊ô ◊ú◊û◊ó◊©◊ë◊ô◊ù ◊©◊ú ◊ô◊û◊ô◊†◊ï.</para>
  560.     </sect2>
  561.  
  562.     <sect2 id="top" status="review">
  563.       <title>top</title>
  564.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>top</command> ◊û◊¶◊ô◊í◊î ◊û◊ô◊ì◊¢ ◊¢◊ú ◊û◊¢◊®◊õ◊™ ◊î GNU/Linux ◊©◊ú◊ö, ◊™◊î◊ú◊ô◊õ◊ô◊ù ◊§◊¢◊ô◊ú◊ô◊ù ◊ï◊û◊©◊ê◊ë◊ô ◊î◊û◊¢◊®◊õ◊™, ◊õ◊ï◊ú◊ú ◊û◊¢◊ë◊ì, ◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊© ◊ë◊ñ◊ô◊õ◊®◊ï◊ü ◊ß◊®◊ô◊ê◊î ◊ê◊ß◊®◊ê◊ô (RAM) & swap ◊ï◊î◊û◊°◊§◊® ◊î◊õ◊ï◊ú◊ú ◊©◊ú ◊î◊û◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊™ ◊î◊§◊ï◊¢◊ú◊ï◊™. ◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊¶◊ê◊™ ◊û <application>top</application>, ◊ú◊ó◊• <keycap>q</keycap>.</para>
  565.     </sect2>
  566.  
  567.     <sect2 id="uname" status="review">
  568.       <title>uname</title>
  569.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>uname</command> ◊ë◊™◊ï◊°◊§◊™ <emphasis role="strong">-a</emphasis>, ◊û◊ì◊§◊ô◊°◊î ◊ê◊™ ◊õ◊ú ◊û◊ô◊ì◊¢ ◊î◊û◊¢◊®◊õ◊™, ◊õ◊ï◊ú◊ú ◊©◊ù ◊î◊û◊õ◊ï◊†◊î, ◊©◊ù ◊ß◊®◊†◊ú ◊ï◊í◊ô◊®◊°◊î, ◊ï◊û◊°◊§◊® ◊§◊®◊ò◊ô◊ù ◊†◊ï◊°◊§◊ô◊ù. ◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊©◊ô ◊ë◊¢◊ô◊ß◊® ◊ú◊ë◊ì◊ô◊ß◊™ ◊í◊ô◊®◊°◊™ ◊ß◊®◊†◊ú.</para>
  570.     </sect2>
  571.  
  572.     <sect2 id="lsb_release" status="review">
  573.       <title>lsb_release</title>
  574.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>lsb_release</command> ◊¢◊ù ◊î◊ê◊§◊©◊®◊ï◊™ <emphasis role="strong">-a</emphasis> ◊û◊¶◊ô◊í◊î ◊û◊ô◊ì◊¢ ◊ê◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊î◊§◊¶◊™ ◊î◊ú◊ô◊†◊ï◊ß◊° ◊©◊ê◊™◊î ◊û◊®◊ô◊•. ◊ú◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊î, ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì◊™: <screen>lsb_release -a</screen> ◊™◊¶◊ô◊í ◊ë◊§◊†◊ô◊ö: <screen>
  575. No LSB modules are available.
  576. Distributor ID: Ubuntu
  577. Description:    Ubuntu 9.04 
  578. Release:        9.04
  579. Codename:       jaunty</screen></para>
  580.     </sect2>
  581.  </sect1>
  582.  
  583.   <sect1 id="elevated-privileges" status="review">
  584.     <title>◊î◊®◊¶◊™ ◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊¢◊ù ◊î◊®◊©◊ê◊ï◊™ ◊í◊ë◊ï◊î◊ï◊™</title>
  585.     <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>sudo</command> ◊†◊ì◊®◊©◊™ ◊ú◊ë◊ï◊ê ◊õ◊î◊ß◊ì◊û◊î ◊ú◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊î◊ë◊ê◊ï◊™. ◊®◊ê◊î <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">RootSudo</ulink> ◊ú◊û◊ô◊ì◊¢ ◊¢◊ú ◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊© ◊ë- <command>sudo</command>.</para>
  586.  
  587.     <sect2 id="add-group" status="review">
  588.       <title>◊î◊ï◊°◊§◊™ ◊ß◊ë◊ï◊¶◊î ◊ó◊ì◊©◊î</title>
  589.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>addgroup</command> ◊ô◊ï◊¶◊®◊™ ◊ß◊ë◊ï◊¶◊î ◊ó◊ì◊©◊î ◊ë◊û◊¢◊®◊õ◊™ ◊©◊ú◊ö. ◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊ô◊¶◊ï◊® ◊ß◊ë◊ï◊¶◊î ◊ó◊ì◊©◊î, ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì: <screen>addgroup newgroup</screen> ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊©◊ú◊î◊ú◊ü ◊™◊ô◊¶◊ï◊® ◊ß◊ë◊ï◊¶◊î ◊ó◊ì◊©◊î ◊ë◊©◊ù <emphasis role="strong">newgroup</emphasis>.</para>
  590.     </sect2>
  591.     
  592.     <sect2 id="add-user" status="review">
  593.       <title>◊î◊ï◊°◊§◊™ ◊û◊©◊™◊û◊© ◊ó◊ì◊©</title>
  594.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>adduser</command> ◊ô◊ï◊¶◊®◊™ ◊û◊©◊™◊û◊©◊ô◊ù ◊ó◊ì◊©◊ô◊ù ◊¢◊ú ◊î◊û◊¢◊®◊õ◊™. ◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊ô◊¶◊ï◊® ◊û◊©◊™◊û◊© ◊ó◊ì◊©, ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì: <screen>adduser newuser</screen> ◊î◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊î ◊©◊ú◊î◊ú◊ü ◊™◊ô◊¶◊ï◊® ◊û◊©◊™◊û◊© ◊ó◊ì◊© ◊ë◊©◊ù <emphasis role="strong">newuser</emphasis>.</para>
  595.       <para>◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊î◊ß◊¶◊ï◊™ ◊°◊ô◊°◊û◊î ◊ú◊û◊©◊™◊û◊© ◊î◊ó◊ì◊© ◊î◊©◊™◊û◊© ◊ë◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>passwd</command>: <screen>passwd newuser</screen></para>
  596.       <para>◊ú◊°◊ô◊ï◊ù, ◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊©◊ô◊ô◊ö ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊û◊©◊™◊û◊© ◊î◊ó◊ì◊© ◊ú◊ß◊ë◊ï◊¶◊î ◊î◊ó◊ì◊©◊î, ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì: <screen>adduser newuser newgroup</screen></para>
  597.     </sect2>
  598.   </sect1>
  599.  
  600.   <sect1 id="options" status="review">
  601.     <title>◊ê◊§◊©◊®◊ï◊ô◊ï◊™</title>
  602.     <para>◊î◊™◊†◊î◊í◊ï◊™ ◊®◊í◊ô◊ú◊î ◊©◊ú ◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊†◊ô◊™◊ü ◊ë◊ì◊®◊ö ◊õ◊ú◊ú ◊ú◊©◊†◊ï◊™ ◊¢"◊ô ◊î◊ï◊°◊§◊™ <emphasis role="strong">-- <emphasis>option</emphasis></emphasis> ◊ú◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î.  ◊ú◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊î, ◊ú◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊™ ◊î- <link linkend="ls"><command>ls</command></link> ◊ô◊©◊†◊î ◊ê◊§◊©◊®◊ï◊™ <emphasis role="strong">-s</emphasis> ◊õ◊ö ◊© <command>ls -s</command> ◊ô◊õ◊ú◊ï◊ú ◊í◊ï◊ì◊ú ◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô◊ù ◊ë◊®◊©◊ô◊û◊î. ◊ô◊©◊†◊î ◊í◊ù ◊ê◊§◊©◊®◊ï◊™ <emphasis role="strong">-h</emphasis> ◊ú◊ß◊ë◊ú ◊í◊ì◊ú◊ô◊ù ◊ê◊ú◊ï ◊ë◊§◊ï◊®◊û◊ò ◊ß◊®◊ô◊ê ◊ô◊ï◊™◊®.</para>
  603.     <para>◊†◊ô◊™◊ü ◊ú◊ß◊ë◊• ◊ê◊§◊©◊®◊ï◊ô◊ï◊™ ◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊ú◊ê◊©◊õ◊ï◊ú ◊õ◊ö ◊© <screen>ls -sh</screen> ◊†◊ô◊™◊ü ◊ú◊®◊©◊ï◊ù ◊í◊ù ◊õ◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <screen>ls -s -h</screen>. ◊ú◊®◊ï◊ë ◊î◊ê◊§◊©◊®◊ï◊ô◊ï◊™ ◊ô◊©◊†◊î ◊í◊ô◊®◊°◊î ◊î◊û◊™◊ó◊ô◊ú◊î ◊ë◊©◊†◊ô ◊û◊ß◊§◊ô◊ù, ◊õ◊ö ◊©◊í◊ù <screen>ls --size --human-readable</screen> ◊î◊ô◊ê ◊ê◊ï◊™◊î ◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î.</para>
  604.   </sect1>
  605.  
  606.   <sect1 id="man-help" status="review">
  607.     <title>"Man" ◊ï◊ß◊ë◊ú◊™ ◊¢◊ñ◊®◊î</title>
  608.     <para><emphasis role="strong"><emphasis>command</emphasis> --help</emphasis> ◊ï <emphasis role="strong">man <emphasis>command</emphasis></emphasis> ◊î◊ù ◊©◊†◊ô ◊î◊õ◊ú◊ô◊ù ◊î◊ó◊©◊ï◊ë◊ô◊ù ◊ë◊ô◊ï◊™◊® ◊ë◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î.</para>
  609.     <para>◊ú◊û◊¢◊©◊î ◊õ◊ú ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊û◊ë◊ô◊†◊ï◊™ ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊ê◊§◊©◊®◊ï◊™ <emphasis role="strong">-h</emphasis> (◊ê◊ï <emphasis role="strong">--help</emphasis>) ◊ê◊©◊® ◊™◊¶◊ô◊í ◊™◊ô◊ê◊ï◊® ◊ß◊¶◊® ◊©◊ú ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊ï◊ê◊§◊©◊®◊ï◊ô◊ï◊™◊ô◊î, ◊ï◊™◊¶◊ê ◊ó◊ñ◊®◊î ◊ú◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î. ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì <screen>man -h</screen> ◊ê◊ï <screen>man --help</screen> ◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊®◊ê◊ï◊™ ◊ñ◊ê◊™ ◊ë◊§◊¢◊ï◊ú◊î.</para>
  610.     <para>◊ú◊õ◊ú ◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊ï◊õ◊û◊¢◊ò ◊ú◊õ◊ú ◊ô◊ô◊©◊ï◊ù ◊ë◊ú◊ô◊†◊ï◊ß◊° ◊ô◊î◊ô◊î ◊ß◊ï◊ë◊• man (◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊ö- manual), ◊ú◊û◊¶◊ô◊ê◊™◊ù ◊§◊©◊ï◊ò ◊î◊ì◊§◊° <command>man command</command> ◊ë◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊î◊ë◊ô◊ê ◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊ö ◊ê◊®◊ï◊ö ◊ô◊ï◊™◊® ◊ú◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊î◊†◊™◊ï◊†◊î. ◊ú◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊î:  <screen>man mv</screen> ◊ô◊ë◊ô◊ê ◊ê◊™ ◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊ö ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>mv</command> - move.</para>
  611.     <para>◊î◊ñ◊ñ ◊ê◊™ ◊ß◊ï◊ë◊• ◊î man ◊ú◊û◊¢◊ú◊î ◊ï◊ú◊û◊ò◊î ◊¢◊ù ◊û◊ß◊©◊ô ◊î◊ó◊¶◊ô◊ù, ◊ï◊¶◊ê ◊ó◊ñ◊®◊î ◊ê◊ú ◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊¢◊ù <keycap>q</keycap>.</para>
  612.     <para><screen>man man</screen> ◊ô◊ë◊ô◊ê ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊ö ◊ú◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊™ <command>man</command>, ◊û◊ß◊ï◊ù ◊ò◊ï◊ë ◊ú◊î◊™◊ó◊ô◊ú.</para>
  613.     <para><screen>man intro</screen> ◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊©◊ô ◊ë◊û◊ô◊ï◊ó◊ì - ◊î◊ï◊ê ◊û◊¶◊ô◊í "◊û◊ë◊ï◊ê ◊ú◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊û◊©◊™◊û◊©", ◊û◊ë◊ï◊ê ◊õ◊™◊ï◊ë ◊î◊ô◊ò◊ë ◊ï◊û◊ß◊ï◊¶◊® ◊ú◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊ë◊ú◊ô◊†◊ï◊ß◊°.</para>
  614.     <para>◊ô◊©◊†◊ù ◊í◊ù ◊¢◊û◊ï◊ì◊ô <command>info</command>, ◊ê◊©◊® ◊ë◊ê◊ï◊§◊ü ◊õ◊ú◊ú◊ô ◊ô◊ï◊™◊® ◊¢◊û◊ï◊ß◊ô◊ù ◊û◊¢◊û◊ï◊ì◊ô <command>man</command>. ◊†◊°◊î <screen>info info</screen> ◊ë◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊ß◊ë◊ú ◊û◊ë◊ï◊ê ◊ú◊¢◊û◊ï◊ì◊ô ◊î◊û◊ô◊ì◊¢.</para>
  615.  
  616.     <sect2 id="searching-ma" status="review">
  617.       <title>◊ó◊ô◊§◊ï◊© ◊ê◊ó◊® ◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô man</title>
  618.       <para>◊ê◊ù ◊ê◊ô◊†◊ö ◊ë◊ò◊ï◊ó ◊ë◊ê◊ô◊ñ◊ï ◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊ê◊ï ◊ô◊ô◊©◊ï◊ù ◊ú◊î◊©◊™◊û◊©, ◊™◊ï◊õ◊ú ◊ú◊†◊°◊ï◊™ ◊ú◊ó◊§◊© ◊ë◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô ◊î- man.</para>
  619.       <itemizedlist>
  620.         <listitem>
  621.           <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>man -k foo</command> ◊™◊ó◊§◊© ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊û◊ô◊ú◊î <emphasis>foo</emphasis> ◊ë◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô ◊î- man. ◊†◊°◊î <screen>man -k nautilus</screen> ◊ë◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊®◊ê◊ï◊™ ◊õ◊ô◊¶◊ì ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊¢◊ï◊ë◊ì◊™. <note>
  622.           <para>◊ñ◊î ◊õ◊û◊ï ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>apropos</command>.</para>
  623.         </note></para>
  624.     </listitem>
  625.     <listitem>
  626.       <para>◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>man -f foo</command> ◊û◊ó◊§◊©◊™ ◊ë◊õ◊ï◊™◊®◊ï◊™ ◊©◊ú ◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô ◊î- man ◊ë◊ú◊ë◊ì. ◊ú◊ì◊ï◊í◊û◊î, ◊†◊°◊î <screen>man -f gnome</screen><note>
  627.           <para>◊ñ◊î ◊õ◊û◊ï ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î <command>whatis</command>.</para>
  628.         </note></para>
  629.     </listitem>
  630.       </itemizedlist>
  631.     </sect2>
  632.   </sect1>
  633.  
  634. <sect1 id="cut-paste" status="review">
  635.     <title>Cutting and pasting</title>
  636.     <para>Often, you will be referred to instructions that require commands 
  637.     to be pasted into the terminal.</para>
  638.     <para>You might be    wondering why the text you've copied from a web 
  639.     page using <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>C</keycap></keycombo> 
  640.     won't paste in with <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>V</keycap>
  641.     </keycombo>, the shell uses a different combination for paste <keycombo>
  642.     <keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Insert</keycap></keycombo>. This can also 
  643.     be done using the mouse, by right-clicking in the terminal 
  644.     and clicking <menuchoice><guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem></menuchoice> 
  645.     from the menu.</para>
  646.     <para>You can also select the required commands in your web browser and
  647.     then subsequently click the middle button on your mouse (or simply
  648.     click buttons simultaneously on a two-button mouse) in the terminal
  649.     to paste in the select command.</para>
  650.     <note><para>◊û◊©◊û◊¢◊ï◊™◊ü ◊©◊ú ◊§◊¢◊ï◊ú◊ï◊™ ◊ê◊ú◊î ◊¢◊ú◊ï◊ú ◊ú◊î◊™◊§◊®◊© ◊ê◊ó◊™ ◊¢◊ú ◊ô◊ì◊ô ◊û◊ì◊û◊ô ◊û◊°◊ï◊§◊ô◊ù ◊ê◊ó◊®◊ô◊ù. ◊ô◊© ◊ú◊î◊ï◊ï◊¢◊• ◊ë◊™◊ô◊¢◊ï◊ì ◊î◊û◊ì◊û◊î ◊ú◊§◊®◊ò◊ô◊ù ◊†◊ï◊°◊§◊ô◊ù.</para></note>
  651. </sect1>
  652.   
  653.   <sect1 id="other-things" status="review">
  654.     <title>◊ì◊ë◊®◊ô◊ù ◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊©◊ô◊ô◊ù ◊ê◊ó◊®◊ô◊ù</title>
  655.     <sect2 id="save-typing" status="review">
  656.       <title>◊ó◊°◊ï◊ö ◊ë◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì◊î</title>
  657.       <informaltable>
  658.         <tgroup cols="3">
  659.           <colspec colname="col_0"/>
  660.           <colspec colname="col_1"/>
  661.           <colspec colname="col_2"/>
  662.           <tbody>
  663.             <row>
  664.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  665.                 <para><keycap>Up Arrow</keycap> ◊ê◊ï <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>p</keycap></keycombo></para>
  666.               </entry>
  667.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  668.                 <para>◊†◊ô◊ï◊ï◊ò ◊ë◊ô◊ü ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊©◊î◊õ◊†◊°◊™ ◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ù ◊ú◊õ◊ü.</para>
  669.               </entry>
  670.             </row>
  671.             <row>
  672.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  673.                 <para><keycap>Down Arrow</keycap> ◊ê◊ï <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>n</keycap></keycombo></para>
  674.               </entry>
  675.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  676.                 <para>◊ú◊ï◊ß◊ó ◊ê◊ï◊™◊ö ◊ó◊ñ◊®◊î ◊ú◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊ô◊ï◊™◊® ◊û◊ê◊ï◊ó◊®◊™.</para>
  677.               </entry>
  678.             </row>
  679.             <row>
  680.               <entry colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  681.                 <para>
  682.                   <keycap>Enter</keycap>
  683.                 </para>
  684.               </entry>
  685.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  686.                 <para>◊õ◊©◊ô◊© ◊ú◊ö ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊î◊®◊¶◊ï◊ô◊ô◊î.</para>
  687.               </entry>
  688.             </row>
  689.             <row>
  690.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  691.                 <para>
  692.                   <keycap>Tab</keycap>
  693.                 </para>
  694.               </entry>
  695.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  696.                 <para>◊ô◊õ◊ï◊ú◊™ ◊û◊ê◊ï◊ì ◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊©◊ô◊™. ◊™◊©◊ú◊ô◊ù ◊ê◊ï◊ò◊ï◊û◊ò◊ô◊™ ◊©◊û◊ï◊™ ◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô◊ù ◊ï◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊ê◊ù ◊ô◊©◊†◊î ◊ê◊§◊©◊®◊ï◊™ ◊ê◊ó◊™, ◊ê◊ï ◊ú◊ó◊ô◊ú◊ï◊§◊ô◊ü ◊™◊¶◊ô◊í ◊®◊©◊ô◊û◊™ ◊ê◊§◊©◊®◊ï◊ô◊ï◊™.</para>
  697.               </entry>
  698.             </row>
  699.           </tbody>
  700.         </tgroup>
  701.       </informaltable>
  702.     </sect2>
  703.  
  704.     <sect2 id="change-text" status="review">
  705.       <title>◊î◊ó◊ú◊£ ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊õ◊ô◊™◊ï◊ë</title>
  706.       <para>◊î◊¢◊õ◊ë◊® ◊ú◊ê ◊ô◊¢◊ë◊ï◊ì. ◊î◊©◊™◊û◊© ◊ë<keycap>◊ó◊¶◊ô◊ù ◊ô◊û◊ô◊†◊î/◊©◊û◊ê◊ú◊î</keycap> ◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊ñ◊ï◊ñ ◊ë◊™◊ï◊ö ◊î◊©◊ï◊®◊î.</para>
  707.       <para>◊õ◊î◊°◊û◊ü ◊û◊û◊ï◊ß◊ù ◊ë◊û◊ß◊ï◊ù ◊î◊®◊¶◊ï◊ô ◊ë◊©◊ï◊®◊î, ◊ë◊ê◊û◊¶◊¢◊ï◊™ ◊î◊ß◊ú◊ì◊™ <emphasis>inserts</emphasis> ◊ú◊ê ◊ô◊ô◊ì◊®◊° ◊ò◊ß◊°◊ò ◊ß◊ô◊ô◊ù.</para>
  708.       <informaltable>
  709.         <tgroup cols="3">
  710.           <colspec colname="col_0"/>
  711.           <colspec colname="col_1"/>
  712.           <colspec colname="col_2"/>
  713.           <tbody>
  714.             <row>
  715.               <entry colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  716.                 <para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>a</keycap></keycombo> ◊ê◊ï <keycap>Home</keycap></para>
  717.               </entry>
  718.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  719.                 <para>◊û◊ñ◊ô◊ñ ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊°◊û◊ü ◊ú<emphasis>◊™◊ó◊ô◊ú◊™</emphasis> ◊î◊©◊ï◊®◊î.</para>
  720.               </entry>
  721.             </row>
  722.             <row>
  723.               <entry colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  724.                 <para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>e</keycap></keycombo> ◊ê◊ï <keycap>End</keycap></para>
  725.               </entry>
  726.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  727.                 <para>◊î◊¢◊ë◊®◊™ ◊î◊°◊û◊ü ◊ú<emphasis>◊°◊ï◊£</emphasis> ◊©◊ï◊®◊î.</para>
  728.               </entry>
  729.             </row>
  730.             <row>
  731.               <entry colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  732.                 <para>
  733.           <keycombo>
  734.             <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
  735.             <keycap>k</keycap>
  736.           </keycombo>
  737.                 </para>
  738.               </entry>
  739.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  740.                 <para>◊û◊ï◊ó◊ß ◊û◊î◊û◊ô◊ß◊ï◊ù ◊î◊†◊ï◊õ◊ó◊ô ◊©◊ú ◊î◊°◊û◊ü ◊ú◊°◊ï◊£ ◊î◊©◊ï◊®◊î.</para>
  741.               </entry>
  742.             </row>
  743.             <row>
  744.               <entry colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  745.                 <para>
  746.           <keycombo>
  747.             <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
  748.             <keycap>u</keycap>
  749.           </keycombo>
  750.                 </para>
  751.               </entry>
  752.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  753.                 <para>◊û◊ï◊ó◊ß ◊ê◊™ ◊õ◊ú ◊î◊©◊ï◊®◊î ◊î◊†◊ï◊õ◊ó◊ô◊™.</para>
  754.               </entry>
  755.             </row>
  756.             <row>
  757.               <entry colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  758.                 <para>
  759.           <keycombo>
  760.             <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
  761.             <keycap>w</keycap>
  762.           </keycombo>
  763.                 </para>
  764.               </entry>
  765.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  766.                 <para>◊û◊ï◊ó◊ß ◊ê◊™ ◊î◊û◊ô◊ú◊î ◊©◊ú◊§◊†◊ô ◊î◊°◊û◊ü.</para>
  767.               </entry>
  768.             </row>
  769.           </tbody>
  770.         </tgroup>
  771.       </informaltable>
  772.     </sect2>
  773.   </sect1>
  774.   
  775.   <sect1 id="more-info" status="review">
  776.     <title>◊û◊ô◊ì◊¢ ◊†◊ï◊°◊£</title>
  777.     <para>◊î◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊õ◊ô◊ù ◊î◊û◊ß◊ï◊ï◊†◊ô◊ù ◊î◊ë◊ê◊ô◊ù ◊ñ◊û◊ô◊†◊ô◊ù:</para>
  778.     <itemizedlist>
  779.       <listitem>
  780.         <para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGetHowto"> AptGetHowto</ulink> - ◊©◊ô◊û◊ï◊© ◊ë apt-get ◊õ◊ì◊ô ◊ú◊î◊™◊ß◊ô◊ü ◊ó◊ë◊ô◊ú◊ï◊™ ◊û◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î.</para>
  781.       </listitem>
  782.       <listitem>
  783.         <para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/CommandLine"> Commandline Repository Editing - </ulink> - ◊î◊ï◊°◊§◊™ ◊û◊ê◊í◊®◊ô Universe/Multiverse ◊ë◊ê◊û◊¶◊¢◊ï◊™ ◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î.</para>
  784.       </listitem>
  785.       <listitem>
  786.         <para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/grep">grep Howto</ulink> - grep ◊î◊ï◊ê ◊õ◊ú◊ô ◊ó◊ô◊§◊ï◊© ◊ú◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊û◊ê◊ï◊ì ◊ó◊ñ◊ß.</para>
  787.       </listitem>
  788.       <listitem>
  789.         <para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/find">find </ulink> - ◊û◊¶◊ê ◊ß◊ë◊¶◊ô◊ù ◊ë◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î.</para>
  790.       </listitem>
  791.       <listitem>
  792.         <para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CommandlineHowto"> CommandlineHowto</ulink> - ◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊ö ◊ê◊®◊ï◊ö ◊ô◊ï◊™◊® ◊ï◊©◊ú◊ù ◊ô◊ï◊™◊® ◊û◊î◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊ö ◊î◊ë◊°◊ô◊°◊ô ◊î◊ñ◊î, ◊ê◊ë◊ú ◊¢◊ì◊ô◊ô◊ü ◊ú◊ê ◊í◊û◊ï◊®.</para>
  793.       </listitem>
  794.       <listitem>
  795.         <para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToReadline"> HowToReadline</ulink> - ◊û◊ô◊ì◊¢ ◊¢◊ú ◊î◊™◊ê◊û◊î ◊ê◊ô◊©◊ô◊™ ◊û◊™◊ß◊ì◊û◊™ ◊©◊ú ◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î.</para>
  796.       </listitem>
  797.     </itemizedlist>
  798.     <para>◊ú◊û◊ô◊ì◊¢ ◊†◊ï◊°◊£ ◊ê◊ï◊ì◊ï◊™ ◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊õ◊ô◊ù ◊¢◊ú ◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î ◊©◊ú ◊ú◊ô◊†◊ï◊ß◊°, ◊®◊ê◊î:</para>
  799.     <itemizedlist>
  800.       <listitem>
  801.         <para><ulink url="http://linuxcommand.org/"/> - ◊î◊ì◊®◊õ◊™ BASH (◊û◊¢◊ò◊§◊™ ◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î) ◊ë◊°◊ô◊°◊ô◊™, ◊õ◊ï◊ú◊ú ◊™◊°◊®◊ô◊ò◊ô BASH.</para>
  802.       </listitem>
  803.       <listitem>
  804.         <para><ulink url="http://linuxsurvival.com/index.php"/> - ◊û◊ì◊®◊ô◊õ◊ô◊ù ◊û◊ë◊ï◊°◊°◊ô Java</para>
  805.       </listitem>
  806.       <listitem>
  807.         <para><ulink url="http://rute.2038bug.com/index.html.gz"/> - ◊°◊§◊® ◊û◊ß◊ô◊£ ◊¢◊ú ◊†◊ô◊î◊ï◊ú ◊û◊¢◊®◊õ◊™, ◊ë◊ê◊ï◊§◊ü ◊õ◊û◊¢◊ò ◊û◊ú◊ê ◊û◊©◊ï◊®◊™ ◊î◊§◊ß◊ï◊ì◊î.</para>
  808.       </listitem>
  809.     </itemizedlist>
  810.   </sect1>
  811. </article>
  812.